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''Corynespora cassiicola'' is a species of fungus well known as a plant pathogen. It is a sac fungus in the family Corynesporascaceae. It is the type species of the genus ''Corynespora''.〔Dixon, L. J., et al. (2009). (Host specialization and phylogenetic diversity of ''Corynespora cassiicola''. ) ''Phytopathology'' 99(9) 1015-27.〕 This fungus infects over 530 species of plants〔 in 53 families.〔(Research in Pacific and Caribbean Basins on ''Corynespora cassiicola''. ) USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.〕 It is most common in the tropics and subtropics.〔 It has also been isolated from nematodes and from human skin.〔 The fungus is known as a pathogen of many agricultural crop plants, especially cowpea, cucumber, papaya, rubber, soybean, and tomato. It has caused crop failures resulting in high economic losses in over 70 countries,〔 including losses of over US$3000 per acre in tomato crops in Florida in the United States.〔 On several plants, such as tomatoes, the fungus causes a disease called target spot〔Pernezny, K. (Disease Management: Target Spot of Tomato. ) University of Florida, IFAS.〕 or target leaf spot.〔 The disease is identified by leaf damage taking the form of target-shaped spots with light centers and dark margins, as well as pits on the fruit.〔 The fungus also causes a disease on the cultivated rubber tree ''Hevea brasiliensis'' called corynespora leaf fall (CLF).〔Déon, M., et al. (2014). (Diversity of the cassiicolin gene in ''Corynespora cassiicola'' and relation with the pathogenicity in ''Hevea brasiliensis''. ) ''Fungal Biology'' 118(1) 32-47.〕 It is one of the most economically significant fungal pathogens of rubber trees in Asia and Africa, causing "fishbone"- or "railway track"-shaped lesions on the leaves.〔Qi, Y. X., et al. (2007). (Detection of ''Corynespora cassiicola'' in ''Hevea'' rubber tree from China. ) ''Australasian Plant Disease Notes'' 2 153-55.〕 The fungus has been the subject of genetic analysis, which revealed that it has a high genetic diversity. Results of this variation within the species include its ability to adapt to many hosts and many environments, and its ability to cause different kinds of disease states in its host plants.〔 Several isolates of the fungus have recently proven to be resistant to the fungicide benzimidazole, making the fungus harder to treat in crops.〔Xavier, S. A., et al. (2013). (Sensitivity of ''Corynespora cassiicola'' from soybean to carbendazim and prothioconazole. ) ''Tropical Plant Pathology'' 38(5).〕 Because it also infects many plants that are considered noxious weeds, the fungus has been proposed for use as a bioherbicide and an agent of biological pest control.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Corynespora cassiicola」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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